1. Question: The pressure required to inflate an alveolus is inversely related to:
2. Question: Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by:
3. Question: A 55-year-old presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal a lower urinary tract obstruction.
4. Question: What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?
5. Question: Which of the following terms should the nurse use when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest?
6. Question: While reviewing the results of the pulmonary functions test, the nurse is aware that the maximum amount of gas that can be displaced (expired) from the lung is called:
7. Question: Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in:
8. Question: What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lung given the following conditions?
9. Question: Percentage of oxygen in air:
10. Question: What physiology is present at the base of the lungs?
11. Question: While auscultating a patient’s lungs, a nurse recalls the alveoli in the apices of the lungs are _____ than alveoli in the bases.
12. Question: A patient asks how oxygen is transported in the body. The nurse’s best response is that most oxygen (O2) is transported:
13. Question: Diffusion of respiratory gases takes place at the:
14. Question: In a patient with acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift:
15. Question: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly transported in the blood:
16. Question: Pulmonary function tests reveal that an 80-year-old dyspneic patient has an increase in residual volume. A nurse suspects the most likely cause of the increased residual volume is _____ in lung compliance.
17. Question: When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers?
18. Question: Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body’s cells. What characteristic is associated with these genes?
19. Question: What characteristic of Prader-Willi syndrome is not a characteristic of Angelman syndrome?
20. Question: Research has demonstrated that neural stem cells have an impaired ability to differentiate into functional neurons when subjected to:
21. Question: What is the role of inactive MLH1 in the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer?
22. Question: Mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins have been shown to influence the development of what congenial condition?
23. Question: Which embryonic stem cell characteristic is referred to as totipotent?
24. Question:5-Azacytidine has demonstrated promise in the treatment of which form of cancer?
25. Question: During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities?
26. Question: Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
27. Question:A patient is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
28. Question: A urologist is discussing the phagocytic cells that lie between the layers of the renal corpuscle. What is the urologist describing?
29. Question: A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
30. Question: A 4-year-old male is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following assessment findings accompanies this condition?
31. Question: A 15-year-old female presents with flank pain, irritability, malaise, and fever. Tests reveal glomerulonephritis. When the parents ask what could have caused this, how should the nurse respond?
32. Question: Which of the following clusters of symptoms would make a clinician suspect a child has developed glomerulonephritis?
33. Question: When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent from the urine because:
34. Question: When the nurse discusses the glomerulus and Bowman capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:
35. Question: When a patient’s renal system secretes rennin, what effect will that cause in the body? It causes the direct activation of:
36. Question: A nurse is preparing to teach about the loop of Henle. Which information should be included? The descending segment of the loop of Henle primarily allows for:

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

AKA Erythroblastosis Fetalis or HDFN

1. Definition and Introduction of HDN
2. Pathogenesis and Complications
3. 3 Types of HDFN
   1. Rh Hemolytic Disease
   2. ABO hemolytic disease
   3. Other blood group antibodies 
4. Diagnosis
5. Treatment
   1. Intrauterine transfusion (IUT)
   2. Phototherapy
   3. Exchange transfusion
6. Prevention
   1. Rh immune globulin
7. Efficacy of Treatment