NR 507 Week 1 Notes

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Institution	NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
Contributor	Mireille

Description

Type	Mechanism	Example	Pathology
I.	IgE action on mast cells	Hay fever	Mast cell degranulation results in inflammatory response
1.	Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of: Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity, or Antireceptor antibodies
2.		1-ABO	1-Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse
II.		incompatibility	5-Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for
3.		5-Graves disease	TSH
4.
5.
III.	Antigen-Antibody complex deposited in tissues	Reynauds phenomenon	Complex deposited in small peripheral vessels in cool temperatures leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation
IV.	Cytotoxic T cell-mediated	Contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy)	T cells attack tissue directly (no antibody)

Week 1: The Cell, Cellular Proliferation, Altered Immune System, and Altered Inflammatory Response.

Basic cellular structure and function:

Diseases start at a cellular level

Cells have common structural features

Cytoplasm- physical area that cell city occupies- aqueous solution- several functions including intermediary metabolism involving enzymatic biochemical reactions; ribosomal protein synthesis; and storage of carbohydrates, fat, and secretory vesicles.

Organelles- small organs that make up a cell

Nucleus- contains the genetic material of the cell

Mitochondria- site of energy synthesis, supply energy

Ribosome- create proteins, uses energy for protein synthesis, make proteins that form structure and enzymes- can travel through endoplasmic reticulum to golgi body to ‘package’ protein for use or transfer out of cell Golgi apparatus- package the material produced in the ribosome (branches off and gives that material a piece of its membrane to encase it called secretory vesicles)

Vaults- transport the package of material across the cellular and nuclear membranes, shuttle material from golgi around cell- send across nuclear and cellular membrane

Endoplasmic reticulum- has vesicle throughout, involved in cell transport within and outside the cell, highway- system of vesicles/ membranes through cell that transport proteins and lipids in and out of cell. Responsible for protein folding and sensing cell stress/

Lysosome/peroxisome- their digestive enzymes breakdown cellular waste and foreign materials