1. Question: Be familiar with left and right sided heart failure and what the consequences are (remember the case study that we did in lecture and lab?)
2. Question: Know the different types of immunity – active vs passive, natural vs artificial.
   1. *****Know the neural mechanisms of respiratory control including the DRG and PRG.
3. Question: Know the process of inhalation and exhalation (the steps involved)
   1. *******Know the functions of the lymphatic and immune systems.
4. Question: Know the precursor cells for platelets, lymphocytes, etc.
5. Question: Membranes surrounding the heart.
6. Question: Function of type I and type II alveolar cells.
7. Question: Types of antigen presenting cells.
8. Question: Path of blood through the heart.
9. Question: Different classes of antibodies and where they are found, and their structure.
10. Question: Proteins involved in blood clotting.
11. Question: Length of time for primary and secondary responses.
12. Question: Function of RBCs, T-cells, B-cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Natural killer cells
13. Question: Return of lymph to venous circulation.
    1. ******Oxygen affinity in relation to blood pH
14. Question: Positive and negative selection of T and B cells and where this occurs.
15. Question: Signs of inflammation.
16. Question: Tidal ventilation and boyle’s law.
17. Question: Know about anaphylactic shock
18. Question: ********Which cells have the different MHC molecules
19. Question: How hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs.
    1. *******Where gas exchange occurs in the lung and how this occurs. ***********************
20. Question: Know the conduction system for air.
21. Question: Know how we control pitch in our voices.
22. Question: Definitions – ferritin, eupnea, cardiac notch, complement, membrane attack complex,
23. Question: Know all the components of the lymphatic system
24. Question: Know characteristics of the thymus gland
25. Question: All muscles used in exhaling and inhaling
    1. *****Functions of the spleen
26. Question: The paracrine secretions that induce vasodilation and permeability
27. Question: Calculate minute ventilation
    1. *******Compute cardiac cycle from an ECG
28. Question: Calculate mean arterial pressure

Potential essay questions:

1. Question: Describe the innate and adaptive immune systems, how they work and how they interact.
   1. ******Explain the similarities and differences between primary and secondary responses of the adaptive immune system
2. Question: List and briefly describe the major functions of the various subclasses of T-cells.
   1. ******Explain the various subclasses of antibodies - how they are similar, how they differ.
3. Question: Define ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration. Be sure to identify their functions and where they occur.
   1. ******Explain the neural control of ventilation including brain centers, sensory and motor signals.
      Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood with a special emphasis on the factors that affect the loading/unloading of these gases in the lungs vs. tissues.
4. Question: Figures to know – 23.2 (bottom half). 22.1, 23.15, 23.10, 21.27 (right side), Figure 21.22(left side), 21.19 the head AND arm, 21.26, 20.3 part b, 20.4 part a, 23.4 part c, 23.1, lab manual page 512 part B.
5. Question: Know these figures well. You will be asked to identify structures in these figures.