BIOS 255, Comprehensive Exam

This examination covers content learned in BIOS251, BIOS252, and BIOS255.

This exam is worth 100 total points, consisting of 50 multiple-choice questions.

You have 75 minutes to complete the Exam.

BIOS 251

• Describe a positive feedback system
• Describe a negative feedback system
• Epithelial tissue
• Vascular or avascular?
• Why might it be described as polar?
• What roles does it play in attachment and regeneration?

Connective tissue

• Describe the three types of protein fibers in connective tissue
• What is chondroitin sulfate and where is it located in the body?

Skin

• What is the function of keratin in the epidermis?
• Discuss the locations and functions of merocrine, Sebaceous, and apocrine glands

Bones

• Discuss the differences in the function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts
• Briefly describe the six steps of endochondral ossification
• Refer to Table 8.2, p. 226. Describe the appearances of condyles, facets, and heads
• Examine Figure 8.5a, p. 229. Which bone constitutes most of the hard palate?
• Define the terms diaphysis, metaphysis, and epiphysis

Joints

• Describe the anatomy of a typical synovial joint.
• What type of mobility is observed in synovial joints?
• Explain why the talocrural joint is classified as a hinge joint.
• Where is the sacroiliac joint located and which bones are found in this joint?

Bios252

Muscles

• What is a sarcomere?
• Carefully, study steps 3 and 4 on p. 395. What is the effect of acetylcholine attaching to its receptor?
• Review Figure 11.15, p. 403. What are the differences between muscle twitches, incomplete tetanus, and complete tetanus?
• What are agonists, antagonists, and synergists?
• Name the muscles that are part of the hamstring group.
• Describe the overall function of the nervous system

Describe the events occurring in Figure 3.19, p. 92

What are some properties of graded/local potentials?

Refer to p. 434

• Name the regions of the body innervated by the phrenic and sciatic nerves
• What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
• Learn the mnemonic for cranial nerves on p. 533

• Compare and contrast the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems on the circulatory system.

Endocrine system

• What are the differences between endocrine and exocrine glands?
• What is the function of the antidiuretic hormone?

Bios255

Cardiovascular system

• Define the term hematocrit. How can hematocrit be increased?
• With blood types, what do the positive and negative refer to?

Explain what is occurring in Figure 18.15, p. 670

• Name the tunics (layers) of veins and arteries. What is the main component of each layer?
• What is the function of blood colloid osmotic pressure in net reabsorption pressure?