Week 5 Concepts: The Immune System

Epidemiology

Prepare: Epidemiology

• The principal government agency responsible for tracking infectious diseases in the United States is the
• The study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population is .
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

Self-Check: Epidemiology

Drag the label to the following diagram according to the type of outbreak shown.

Self-Check: Epidemiology Terms

• The is the total number of persons afflicted with infectious disease.
• A is an epidemic occurring over multiple continents.

Reflect: Epidemiology

• The prevalence rate of tuberculosis in one particular county in Texas is 7/1000 people, while the incidence rate for 2011 is 2/1000 people. Analyze this data and summarize the situation.
• The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the .
• A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is referred to as .
• The study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population is .

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mandates that some diseases must be reported, while it is not necessary for others. This is so that
• The total number of deaths in a population due to a disease is the rate.

Innate Immune Function

Prepare: Innate Immune Function

• Which of the following DO NOT form part of physical barriers?
• The immune defenses are divided into how many basic categories?
• Chemical barriers include: (Select all that apply)
• Monocytes differentiate into when the cells migrate to tissues.

Self Check: Nonspecific Chemical Defenses

• Nonspecific chemical defenses include:

Self Check: Phagocytosis

• Which of the following is not an event of phagocytosis?

Self Check: Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Self Check: White blood cells

• Which of the white blood cells produces chemicals that can attack large helminths?

Self Check: Interferon production

• Host cells that produce interferon after viral attack can protect themselves from the invasion.

Self Check: Membrane attack stage

• The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves:

Self Check: Inflammation

• Which of the following is mismatched in relation to inflammation?

Reflect: Innate Immune Function

• The chemical found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in certain bacterial cell walls is:
• The blood cells that function in allergic reactions and inflammation, contain peroxidase and lysozyme, and particularly target parasitic worms and fungi are:
• The least numerous of all white blood cells that release histamine during inflammation and allergic reactions are:
• The branch of the immune system present at birth is called:
• The process in which the phagocytic cells move to the bacteria:
• Match the following cells with their characteristics:
• List the following steps of phagocytosis in order:

Adaptive Immune Function

Prepare: Adaptive Immune Function

• A foreign molecule that causes a specific immune response is a(n):
• Acquired specific immunity involves the response of:
• Plasma cells:

Self Check: Specific immunity

• Specific immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of:

Self Check: Adaptive immune system

• The cells of the adaptive immune system are educated to distinguish your cells from invading pathogens, cells that would respond to self-antigens are destroyed in immune tolerance. This property of adaptive immunity is attributed to the

Self Check: T cells

• T cells mature in the bone marrow?

Self Check: Properties of effective antigens

Properties of effective antigens include all of the following except:

Self Check: Humoral immunity

• T helper cells play a pivotal role in

Self Check: MHC-II antigen

Self Check: Antigen presenting cells

• Antigen presenting cells:

Self Check: Killer T cells

For a CD8 killer T cell (TC) to become activated, it must recognize a foreign peptide complexed with self MHC-I and mount a direct attack upon the target cell.

Self Check: Lymphocytes

• Which lymphocyte secretes antibodies in a specific immune response?

Self Check: Antibodies

Self Check: Antigen response

• A patient was never exposed nor vaccinated against chickenpox. A couple days ago the patient was exposed, and the patient currently has chicken pox virus. Which antibody would you expect to have the highest titer based on this exposure?
• Two months later, the same patient is then exposed to chicken pox virus again. Which immunoglobulin will be present in the highest amount after this new exposure?

Self Check: Artificial active immunity

• An example of artificial active immunity would be vaccination.

Reflect: Adaptive Immune Function

• The antibody-secreting progeny cells of a B-cell clone are called:
• MHC molecules are found on all cells except:
• Small foreign molecules that are too small by themselves to elicit an immune response are termed:
• The immunoglobulin class that has a dimer form found in mucus, saliva, colostrum, and other body secretions is:
• The immunoglobulin class that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta is:
• Generates many B cells and T cells that are activated against specific antigens:
• Cytotoxic T cells:
• Specific immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of:
• Match the following to their description:
• Match the following:
• Which of the following would be affected when T helper cells are destroyed in HIV infections? Select all that apply.