1. Question: Anabolic reactions characteristics
2. Question: Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called what?
3. Question: Catabolic reactions characteristics
4. Question: The molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as called what?
5. Question: Enzymes known as lyases participate in what reactions?
6. Question: Role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction in a cell?
7. Question: Which are glycolysis steps?
8. Question: What is fermentation?
9. Question: What is Krebs cycle?
10. Question: Anaerobic bacteria use what as final electron acceptors in respiration?
11. Question: The metabolic processes called fermentation produces what?
12. Question: What are electron carrier molecule where are they derived from?
13. Question: When does DNA Replication occurs during cell cycle?
14. Question: When does Sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the cell during in mitotic cell division?
15. Question: What is an aligned pair of homologous chromosomes called?
16. Question:What is the entire interwoven mass of one multicellular fungal organism called?
17. Question: Study of fungus is called what?
18. Question: Hyphae are associated with which organism?
19. Question: What are Lichens?
20. Question: Single-celled organisms called ciliates are called?
21. Question: The kelps are classified as what?
22. Question: What is the function of the outermost layer of a virion?
23. Question: During the intracellular state, a virus exists as what?
24. Question: What determines host specificity of a virus?
25. Question: Describe the stages of a lytic replication cycle in order from earliest to latest
26. Question: What is transduction? it is associated with which stages of a bacteriophage infection cycle?
27. Question: The genome of which of the following types of animal virus can act directly as mRNA
28. Question: How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?
29. Question: The infectious particles of fungi have RNA genomes and lack a capsid. They are therefore similar to what?
30. Question: Viruses are shed slowly and steadily during which phase?
31. Question: Describe the mechanism of feedback inhibition and the role this process plays in controlling enzyme activity.
32. Question: Explain why fermentation is a necessary alternative to respiration in many cells
33. Question: Explain why the ATP yield from processes such as cellular respiration is generally given as a theoretical number.
34. Question: A chemical used to reduce potential pathogens on the skin is a(n)
35. Question: A clinical sample labeled "sputum" was collected from
36. Question: A disease that has a steady frequency over time in a particular geographic location is referred to as what?
37. Question: A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?
38. Question: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers specifically target lipids why?
39. Question: An amphibolic reaction is one that _____.
40. Question: An inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen is called what?
41. Question: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to _____.

Study Question – Answer Yourself

1. Arthropods that not only carry pathogens but also serve as hosts for pathogens are called _____.
2. Beta-lactam antibiotics have an effect on which of the following types of cells?
3. Betadine is an example of which of the following groups of antimicrobial agents?
4. Describe Koch’s postulates in details and contributions of Antoni Von Leuwenhoek and Louis Pasteur
5. Compare and contrast the aerobic respiration and fermentation in terms of substrates, products, ATP amount and their cellular location in microorganisms.
6. Compare and contrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 
7. Describe characteristics of viruses and what is the difference between virus, virion, viriod and prion.
8. Describe characteristics of Bacteria and compare them with that of Archea.
9. Describe the different stages of bacterial growth.
10. Describe the Gram staining procedure and compare the cell wall of Gram positive with Gram negative bacteria.
11. Describe the structure of virus, its intracellular and extracellular forms and major forms in which they exist
12. How are prions different from all other known infectious agents?
13. How are protozoan reproduced?
14. How are viroids transmitted?
15. Human pathogens are classified as _____.
16. If a microbiology lab technician left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?
17.  If nursing students observed a typical eukaryotic cell, what would they find inside?
18. In which pathway is the most NADH generated?
19. In which stage of aerobic respiration is water produced?
20. Lipid A is also known as _____.
21. Lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls is called what?
22. List 5 different scientist and their contribution to the field of Microbiology
23. List and explain the five stages/events of viral replication.
24. Match the cellular structures and type of microorganisms
25. Match the enzyme with its description.
26. Match the following shapes of bacteria with their names
27. Match the patterns of infection. 
28. Match the stage of mitosis with its description.
29. Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation, used swan-necked flasks why?
30. Put the following stages of a lytic replication cycle in order, from earliest to latest.
    I. Synthesis
    II. Assembly
    III. Attachment
    IV. Release
    V. Entry
31. Pyruvic acid is a product of _____.
32. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an example of which of the following types of microbe?
33. Some animal viruses may remain dormant in cells in a process known as _____.
34. Specify which of the following is associated with eukaryotes _____.
35. The process of incineration is used for
36. The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is what?
37. The time interval from parent cell to two new daughter cells is called what?
38. What are endo Enzymes?
39. What are Koch's postulates?
40. What are parasites?
41. What are the different ways by which microorganisms acquire antibiotic resistance?
42. What are the four-classification based on energy and carbon source?
43. What are thermophiles, mesophylls?
44. What causes a frameshift mutation?
45. What instrument is most effective for pressure-temperature sterilization?
46. What is anaerobic respiration?
47. What is mitosis and meiosis?
48. What is sterilization?
49. what is the cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials called?
50. What is the four phases of growth curve?
51. What is the most common portal of entry in the human body?
52. What is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus called?
53. What organisms can undergo both sexual and asexual reproduction
54. What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?
55. When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they lose water and shrivel. This process is called _____.
56. Where is the most ATP generated for most eukaryotic cells?
57. Which bacterial genus has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls?
58. Which drug is used to treat cases of tuberculosis?
59.  Which microorganisms are used to make microbiological growth media?
60. Which molecule is translated into an amino acid sequence?
61. Which of the following antimicrobial agents is the most toxic to humans?
62. Which of the following are the types of eukaryotic reproduction?
63. Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in conjugation?
64. Which of the following bacterial genera produce(s) endospores?
65. Which of the following drugs specifically targets cell walls that contain mycolic acid?
66. What is selective toxicity?
67. Which of the following is the most appropriate pairing of microbe and biosafety level?
68. Which of the following is used for microbial control in fresh fruits and vegetables?
69. Which type of medium distinguishes different types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?
70. Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?
71. Why are endospores used to measure the effectiveness of autoclave sterilization?
72. why are fewer antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antihelminthic drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because fungi, protozoa, and helminths