Week 4 Concepts: Controlling Microbial Growth

Controlling Microbial Growth

Prepare: Controlling Microbial Growth

• The sterilizing gas used in chemiclaves is .
• HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from
• Which of the following microbial forms has the highest resistance to physical and chemical controls?

• Sterilization is achieved by
• The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms and debris to reduce contamination to safe levels is termed
•              is a halogen used in gaseous and liquid form for large scale disinfection of drinking water and sewage.
• The alcohol wipe used on a patient's skin before an injection is an example of .

Self-Check: Disinfection Techniques

• Drag the following terms to their corresponding description.

Self-Check: Disinfection Techniques II

• _______ is disinfection on a living surface.

• _______ The most resistant infectious particles are .
•   _______ are the sturdiest and most encountered infectious agents. For this reason, these are used to test the efficacy of autoclaves.
• _______ removes all microbes from the environment.

Self-Check: Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Methods

• Drag to rank the following from most resistant (top) to least resistant (bottom).

Self-Check: Methods of Chemical Control

• _______ was the first major antimicrobial chemical used with toxic and irritating side effects.
• _______ (70 to 95 %) is used in skin degerming and disinfection of some types of medical equipment.
• _______ is most commonly used as household bleach.
• _______solution is used to treat gonococcal infections in eye of newborn, mouth ulcers and root canal treatment.

Reflect: Controlling Microbial Growth

• _______ are used as preservatives for ophthalmic solutions and cosmetics.
• The minimum sterilizing conditions in a steam autoclave are
• _______ heat is more rapidly effective and efficient compared to heat.
• _______ radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA, which leads to the formation of pyrimidine dimers.
• _______ aqueous solution, is used as embalming fluid
• Physical agents for controlling microbial growth include all of the following except .
• Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is .
• Which of the following items are typically irradiated in order to kill microbes?

Antimicrobials

Prepare: Antibiotics

• Aminoglycosides
• Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis?
• Sulfa drugs work on
• Which antimicrobial does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?
• Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed .

Self-Check: Narrow Spectrum or Broad Spectrum

• Use the diagram to determine if the following drugs are narrow-spectrum or broad-spectrum.

Self-Check: Zone of Inhibition

• Select all the numbers associated with the antibiotic discs that show no zone of inhibition (and thus, resistance to that antibiotic concentration).

Self-Check: Antimicrobial Drugs

• Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include
• The use of a drug to prevent imminent infection is called .

Self-Check: Mechanisms of Drug Action

• Drag and drop terms to their respective locations on the diagram.

Self-Check: Mechanisms of Drug Action: Inhibition

• Drag and drop terms to their respective locations on the diagram.

Self-Check: Identifying Drugs and Their Uses

• Match the drugs with the microbial agents/diseases that they are used for.

Self-Check: Additional Antimicrobials

• Antiviral Chemotherapeutic agents have three modes of action- barring the penetration of the virus, blocking transcription and translation of viral molecules, and preventing maturation of viral particles. Match the image to the mode of action.

Self-Check: Antimicrobial Resistance

• The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include
• Each of the following results in drug resistance, except

Reflect: Antibiotics

• Selective toxicity refers to damage to
• are antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types.
• test shows susceptibility using large agar plates, a bacterial lawn, and antibiotic-infused discs.
• Penicillins and cephalosporins
• Some bacteria that are resistant to penicillin have
• is used as an antihelminthes drug.
• are defined as antimicrobial agents for drugs targeting bacteria and not other types of microbes.
• Match the drugs with the microbial agents/diseases that they are used for.
• is used to treat fungal infections.

Host-microbe interactions

Prepare: Host-microbe Interactions

• Which of the following is a direct contact method of microbe transmission?
• The objective evidence of disease noted by an observer is termed a/an .
• The term infection refers to (select all that apply)
• An infectious agent already existing on or in the body is called .
• Opportunistic pathogens

Self-Check: Microbe-Human Interactions

• The effect of beneficial microbes of normal biota against invading microbes is called .
• Which of the following is inoculation of normal biota to a newborn

Self-Check: Infectious Disease

• Match the term with the definition.

Self-Check: Progress of Infection

• Place the steps of when microbes cause disease in the correct order from top to bottom.

Self-Check: Patterns of Infection

• Match the pattern of infection with the description.

Self-Check: Stages in the Course of Infection

• Drag the term to label the diagram.

Reflect: Host-microbe Interactions

• The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches is the .
• Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are .
• The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the .
• TORCH is an acronym that represents the most common .
• Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota
• Which of the following is not correct terminology used for resident biota?
• Once a microbe has entered a host, what process performed by certain white blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?
• Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?
• A is any objective evidence of the disease as noted by the observer.
• Which of the following is not a structure used for bacterial adhesion?
• Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called .
• Which of the following is a mismatched term and description?