Week 3 Concepts: Metabolism

Factors affecting Microbial Growth

Prepare: Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

• The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the . death phase
• An organism that grows in lower pH conditions is called a .
• An organism that uses organic carbon for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs would be called a
•   .

Self-Check: Growth Requirements in Microorganisms

• Place the images in order from top to bottom to show extracellular digestion in bacteria and fungi.

Self-Check: Sources of Energy

• Which type of organism will acquire energy from light and acquire nutrients via catabolism of organic compounds.
• Which type of organism will acquire energy and Carbon via catabolism of organic compounds.

Self-Check: Identify the Organism

• Organisms that live on dead animals and plants and digest food by secreting enzymes are called .

Self-Check: Transport Processes

• Which type of solution will result in water entering the cell?

Self-Check: Temperature Requirements

• Microorganisms that have a requirement for growth below 15°C are called .

Self-Check: Patterns of Oxygen Utilization

• Which thioglycolate tube shows the growth of an obligate anaerobe.

Self-Check: Population Growth

• Which phase of growth has limited nutrients and exponential death of cells?

Self-Check: Phases of Population Growth

• Match the following items to their corresponding description.

Reflect: Factors Affecting Microbial Growth

• The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that __________
• The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the __________ .
• Bacteria living in a freshwater stream that are transferred to ocean water would __________
• A saprobe differs from a parasite in that __________
• An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs and sunlight for its energy needs would be called a __________ .
• Match the following terms to their corresponding description.
• An organism with a temperature growth range of 45°C to 60°C would be called a(n) __________ .

Enzymes

Prepare: Enzymes

• Enzymes that function inside a cell are .
• Enzymes can be regulated.
• The term used to describe all of the chemical reactions within a cell is .
• Enzymes are composed of

Self-Check: The Role of Enzymes

Self-Check: Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

• Which of the following affect enzyme activity?

Self-Check: Enzyme Structure

• Holoenzymes _____

Self-Check: Naming Enzymes

• Select the correct class for each drop-down based on the substrates and action provided.

Self-Check: Enzyme Location

• Your bacterium is growing on a type of medium called casein agar, which contains milk protein (casein). There is a clear zone around the growth area of the bacterium, showing that it is synthesizing the enzymes needed to catalyze the extracellular breakdown of casein. These enzymes are considered .

Self-Check: Enzyme Regulation

• Constitutive enzymes ____ .

Self-Check: Enzyme Inhibition

• When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product that acts as a regulatory molecule, this control is called__________ .

Reflect: Enzymes

• Enzymes lower the __________ .
• Match the following enzyme names with their reactions.
• When a molecule regulates the activity of an enzyme by binding to a site outside of the active site, it is known as a/an __________.
• A holoenzyme is a combination of a protein and one or more substances called __________.
• Enzymes that are retained and function inside of a cell are known as __________ .
• Increasing the amount of the enzyme will increase the __________.
• Binding of the substrate to the enzyme produces a/an complex __________.
• The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide is an example of__________.
• The structure of the enzyme dictates the binding site of the substrate__________.
• A is an organic molecule needed to form a holoenzyme__________.
• The binding site for the substrate is the __________.
• A/an will slow down or stop enzyme activity __________.
• A mimics the shape of the substrate __________.

Prepare: Metabolism

Metabolism

• During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is .
• The term used to describe the reactions which break down larger macromolecules into simpler molecules within a cell is .
• The cell's metabolic reactions involve the participation of that lower the activation energy needed for the initiation of a reaction.

Self-Check: Metabolism of Microbes

• The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide is an example of .

Self-Check: Glycolysis

• When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, what is the usual net production of ATP?

Self-Check: Cellular Respiration

• Select the location of the process.

Self-Check: Fermentation

• Fermentation .

Self-Check: Anaerobic Respiration

• Label the pathways.

Reflect: Metabolism

• The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group begins __________.
• During anaerobic respiration a common final electron acceptor is __________ .
• Oxygen reacts with hydrogen to produce __________ in the electron transport chain.
• As the electron transport carriers shuttle electrons, they actively pump __________ into the outer membrane compartment, setting up a concentration gradient called the proton motive force.
• The reactions of fermentation function to produce __________ molecules for further use in glycolysis.
• In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate __________ .
• In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the __________ .
• The Kreb’s cycle generates the most __________ .
• Match the following processes to the correct location.
• The majority of ATP is formed during __________ .